ScienceYear 10

Year 10 Science – Observing the Universe 1

Analyse data, evaluate investigation designs and link Sun–Earth–Moon patterns, models and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledge to evidence. 20 questions. 25 minutes.

A student holds one hand in ice water and the other in hot water, then puts both into lukewarm water. The left hand feels it is hot and the right hand feels it is cold. What does this show about observations made with the senses?

The lukewarm water changed temperature between the two handsWhat skin feels depends on what it touched just beforeThe hand from the ice water is the more accurate sensorRepeating the test three times would make both hands agree

Choose the word that completes each blank.

On a line graph of temperature over time, time is the ₁ variable and is plotted on the ₂ axis.

Blank 1: independent · dependent · controlled

Blank 2: vertical · diagonal · horizontal

Circle 1 word in the sentence below.

Tidal range was large when the Sun, Earth and Moon lined up. Click the one body whose gravity has the larger effect on ocean tides.

SunMoonwindMars

Which set of fields is combined in astrobiology, the search for life beyond Earth?

Physics, chemistry, geology and astronomyBiology, physics, geology and astronomyBiology, chemistry, geology and astronomyBiology, chemistry, physics and astronomy

Choose the word that completes each blank.

A thermometer marked in 0.1 °C steps has greater ₁ than one marked in 1 °C steps. Repeated readings that agree closely show high ₂.

Blank 1: accuracy · sensitivity · range

Blank 2: accuracy · range · precision

A fisher records a high tide at 6:10 am on Monday. When is the next high tide expected?

About 6:35 pm on MondayAbout 6:10 pm on MondayAbout 6:10 am on TuesdayAbout 7:00 am on Tuesday

Choose the word or phrase that completes each blank.

The Moon orbits Earth once in about ₁ days, but the time from one new Moon to the next is about ₂ days.

Blank 1: 29.5 · 27.3 · 14.8

Blank 2: 29.5 · 27.3 · 14.8

At sunset, the Moon rises in the east as a fully lit disc with no part dark. Which statement about the positions of the three bodies is best supported?

The Moon is roughly between the Sun and EarthThe Moon is at right angles to the Sun–Earth lineEarth's shadow is covering the whole MoonEarth is roughly between the Sun and the Moon

Circle 2 words in the sentence below.

Click the two words in this list that describe limits of observations made with the senses.

SubjectiveRepeatableLimited-rangeQuantitative

10.

A student tests whether cover colour changes how fast water cools. Which flaw makes the test unfair?

Can 1: black cover, 200 mL of water at 80 °C. Can 2: white cover, 300 mL of water at 80 °C. The temperature of each can is measured after 20 minutes.

Both cans started at the same temperature, so results cannot be comparedThe amount of water differed, so colour was not the only changeOnly two cans were used, so no independent variable was changedTemperature was measured, so the dependent variable was uncontrolled

11.

Choose the word that completes each blank.

Seeing Venus change shape through a telescope is an ₁, and concluding that it orbits the Sun is an ₂.

Blank 1: inference · prediction · observation

Blank 2: prediction · inference · hypothesis

12.

What was the mean difference between sun and shade temperature across the three times?

Time	Shade (°C)	Sun (°C)
9 am	19	24
12 pm	27	36
3 pm	31	41

8 °C7 °C9 °C10 °C

13.

A student says Aboriginal star calendars cannot make valid predictions because they were not written down. Which response is best?

Predictions are valid only when the observations are first recorded in writing by one researcherStories can only describe the past, so they cannot predict future events in the skyGenerations of repeated observation, passed on in story, give a long record that supports predictionsOral knowledge is valid only if measuring instruments were used to collect the observations

14.

Choose the word or phrase that completes each blank.

The Square Kilometre Array radio telescope has a site in ₁, and in 2015 scientists first detected ₂ waves.

Blank 1: Western Australia · Tasmania · Queensland

Blank 2: light · sound · gravitational

15.

Circle 2 words in the sentence below.

Click the two advances in this list that were made in 2015 or later.

Phases-of-VenusGravitational-wavesElliptical-orbitsBlack-hole-imageGeocentric-model

16.

In Ptolemy's model Venus always lies between Earth and the Sun, so it would only ever look like a crescent. Galileo saw Venus in a nearly full phase. Which conclusion does the evidence best support?

Venus gives off its own light, so it looks fullEarth's shadow sometimes falls across VenusVenus orbits Earth at a greater distance than the SunVenus orbits the Sun and sometimes lies beyond it

17.

Choose the word or phrase that completes each blank.

The Moon's orbit is tilted about ₁ to Earth's orbit, so eclipses need the Moon to be near where the two orbits ₂.

Blank 1: 5° · 23.5° · 90°

Blank 2: are parallel · cross · are farthest apart

18.

Earth is about 147 million km from the Sun in early January and about 152 million km in early July. Why does this not explain Australia's seasons?

Both hemispheres are the same distance away but have opposite seasonsEarth moves faster in January, so it receives less heatThe 5 million km difference is too small to change sunlight at allDistance matters for the Moon's phases, not for Earth's seasons

19.

The true volume of water is 50.0 mL. Two measuring cylinders were each read three times. Which statement is correct?

Readings (mL):

Cylinder	Reading 1	Reading 2	Reading 3
P	47.1	52.9	50.2
Q	47.9	48.0	48.1

Q is more precise and also more accurateQ is more precise, and P is more accurateP is more precise and also more accurateP is more precise, and Q is more accurate

20.

Which conclusion is supported by the data?

Time (min)	Black can (°C)	White can (°C)
0	80	80
5	68	70
10	60	63
15	55	59
20	52	56

The black cover let the water cool more, and both cooling rates stayed constantThe white cover let the water cool more, and both cooling rates slowedThe white cover let the water cool more, and both cooling rates stayed constantThe black cover let the water cool more, and both cooling rates slowed

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Year 10 Science – Observing the Universe 1