ScienceYear 10

Year 10 Science – Living Systems: Body Systems 1

Practise evaluating models, patient and exercise data, experimental design and the causes of Australian species decline across the body systems. 20 questions. 25 minutes.

A student says the heart is a tissue because it is made of muscle cells. Which evaluation is best?

Correct: it is a tissue, as all of its cells are muscle cells doing one jobIncorrect: it is an organ, as it combines several different tissues working togetherIncorrect: it is an organ system, as it pumps blood to every part of the bodyIncorrect: it is an organism, as it keeps beating by itself

Which statement correctly describes the blood in the pulmonary vein?

Deoxygenated, flowing to the heartOxygenated, flowing from the heartOxygenated, flowing to the heartDeoxygenated, flowing from the heart

A student writes: "Breathing releases energy from glucose in the lungs." Which correction is best?

Breathing is cellular respiration, but it happens in the muscles around the lungsBreathing releases energy from oxygen rather than glucose inside the alveoliBreathing releases energy only during exercise, when the diaphragm contractsBreathing only moves air; cells release the energy by cellular respiration

A Visking tubing bag of glucose solution sits in water to model the small intestine. Which is a limitation of this model?

Nothing carries the glucose away, as blood does in a real intestineStarch passes out through the tubing, as digested food doesThe tubing cannot show that glucose is a small moleculeThe tubing has no thickness, so no molecules can cross it

How does the surface area to volume ratio of model cell B compare with that of model cell A?

Model cell A is a cube with 2 cm sides. Model cell B is a cube with 4 cm sides.

Twice as large, 6 compared with 3The same, 3 compared with 3Half as large, 1.5 compared with 3A quarter as large, 0.75 compared with 3

A mature red blood cell has no nucleus and is a flattened disc with a dip in each side. Which pairing best explains how this helps it carry oxygen?

Extra room for haemoglobin and a large surface for oxygen to diffuse acrossExtra room for haemoglobin and thick walls to resist high blood pressureExtra room for new cells to form and a large surface for oxygen to diffuse acrossExtra room for haemoglobin and valves to stop blood flowing backwards

What does this data suggest about dialysis for a patient with kidney failure?

When measured	Blood urea (mmol/L)
Before dialysis	30
Straight after dialysis	10
Two days later	24

It repairs the kidneys, but they fail again within two daysIt lowers urea only for a short time, because the failed kidneys still do not filter itIt stops the liver making urea, so levels rise again when treatment endsIt makes the kidneys filter urea faster, but only for two days

Patient B has emphysema. Which best explains B's higher breathing rate at rest?

Patient A (healthy): breathing rate 14 breaths/min, blood oxygen 98%. Patient B: breathing rate 24 breaths/min, blood oxygen 90%.

Narrowed airways let less air into the lungs with each breathA stronger heart pumps more blood past the lungs each minuteA stronger diaphragm pulls in more air with each breathFewer working alveoli let less oxygen into the blood with each breath

Which best explains why heart rate and breathing rate rise together?

At rest: heart rate 60 beats/min, breathing rate 12 breaths/min. During hard cycling: heart rate 150 beats/min, breathing rate 40 breaths/min.

The lungs pump blood faster, so the heart has to beat faster to keep upBreathing faster and using energy in cells are the same processMuscle cells use more oxygen and make more waste gas, so both systems speed upExtra oxygen is stored in the heart and lungs until exercise stops

10.

A student tests whether a fan makes dye rise faster in celery. Which set-up is a fair test?

Two stalks of equal length, one in red dye with a fan and one in blue dye withoutTwo stalks of equal length in equal volumes of the same dye, with a fan blowing on one onlyTwo stalks in the same dye, a short one with a fan and a long one withoutTwo stalks of equal length, one in dye with a fan and one in plain water without

11.

Which explanation best fits the data for this island mammal?

Year	Population
1990	1200
2000	1150
2010	300

Land clearing on the island finished in 1985. Foxes were released onto the island in 2002.

Habitat destruction from land clearingHunting by people over many yearsA gradual long-term shift in climatePredation by an introduced species

12.