ScienceYear 10

Year 10 Science – Periodic Table and Atomic Structure 1

Practise analysing atomic structure, electron arrangements, periodic table trends and the evidence behind atomic models. 20 questions. 25 minutes.

Which statement about the structure of an atom is correct?

Nearly all the mass is in the electron shells, and most of the atom is filled by themThe atom is a solid sphere with protons and electrons packed throughout itThe mass is shared equally between the nucleus and the electrons in the shellsNearly all the mass is in a tiny nucleus, and most of the atom is empty space

A neutral atom of element Z has 15 protons and 16 neutrons. What are its mass number and its number of electrons?

Mass number 31, 16 electronsMass number 15, 31 electronsMass number 31, 15 electronsMass number 46, 15 electrons

Choose the number that completes each blank.

A neutral atom has electron arrangement 2,8,3 and mass number 27. It has ₁ neutrons and ₂ protons.

Blank 1: 14 · 13 · 27 · 40

Blank 2: 3 · 13 · 14

Circle 3 words in the sentence below.

Click the three symbols that come from Latin names rather than the English name.

FeHeCuZnOAu

A neutral atom has three occupied shells and 5 electrons in its outer shell. How many protons does it have?

5151013

Two neutral atoms each have 17 protons. One has 18 neutrons and the other has 20 neutrons. Which statement is correct?

They are different elements with the same mass numberThey are the same element with different numbers of electronsThey are the same element with different mass numbersThey are different elements with different atomic numbers

Sodium is common in the Earth's crust, but it is almost never found as the pure metal. It is found mainly in compounds such as sodium chloride. Which is the best explanation?

It is very dense, so it sinks deep below the Earth's surfaceIt is very reactive, so it quickly combines with other elementsIt has a low melting point, so it melts away in warm weatherIt is a non-metal, so it cannot exist as a solid element

Circle 2 words in the sentence below.

Click the two elements most likely to have 7 electrons in their outer shell.

FNeClNaS

Choose the word that completes each blank.

Graphite, a form of carbon, is a ₁ that conducts electricity, which is unusual because most ₂ are poor conductors.

Blank 1: non-metal · metalloid · metal

Blank 2: metals · compounds · non-metals

10.

Dalton pictured atoms as solid, indivisible spheres. What did Thomson's 1897 cathode-ray tube experiments show that Dalton's model could not explain?

Atoms contain smaller negative particles, so atoms can be dividedAtoms have a dense positive centre, so most of an atom is emptyAtoms contain neutral particles, so some parts have no chargeAtoms have electrons in fixed shells, so they orbit at set distances

11.

In a gold-foil experiment, 10 000 alpha particles were fired at a very thin foil. The results are shown. Which conclusion is best supported?

Result	Alpha particles
Passed straight through	9 998
Deflected at an angle	1
Bounced straight back	1

The positive charge is spread evenly through the atom, with electrons scattered inside itGold atoms are solid spheres, and the few particles that got through squeezed between atomsElectrons are heavy enough to push particles back, and they are packed around the atom's centreMost of the atom is empty space, with its positive charge concentrated in a tiny region

12.

Choose the word that completes each blank.

A student heats NaHCO₃ and bubbles the gas through limewater. The limewater turns ₁, which shows the gas is ₂.

Blank 1: clear · milky · blue

Blank 2: oxygen · hydrogen · carbon dioxide

13.

Metals P, Q and R are all in Group 1. A same-sized piece of each is added to water and the time for it to finish reacting is recorded. Which list puts them in order from the top of the group to the bottom?

Metal	Time to finish reacting (s)
P	40
Q	5
R	15

Q, R, PP, R, QP, Q, RR, P, Q

14.

Element A has a greater atomic mass than element B, but A has fewer protons than B. Where does the modern periodic table place A?

After B, because the table is ordered by atomic massBefore B, because the table is ordered by number of neutronsBefore B, because the table is ordered by number of protonsAfter B, because the table is ordered by number of shells

15.

Choose the word that completes each blank.

Rubidium sits directly below potassium in Group 1. Compared with potassium, rubidium is likely to react ₁ vigorously with water and to have ₂ electron in its outer shell.

Blank 1: more · less · equally

Blank 2: two · one · eight

16.

Circle 2 words in the sentence below.

A student writes the sentence below. Click the two words that make it incorrect.

Thenucleuscontainsprotonsandelectronsandhasanegativecharge.

17.

A shiny solid fizzes in dilute hydrochloric acid. A lit splint at the mouth of the tube gives a squeaky pop. In a flame test the solid burns with a lilac flame. Which element is it?

PotassiumSodiumCalciumCopper

18.

Copper and gold are both good conductors and can both be drawn into wire. Gold costs far more per kilogram. Which is the best reason copper is used for household wiring?

Gold is too reactive and tarnishes quickly in airGold is brittle and cannot be drawn into wireGold is a non-metal so it conducts electricity poorlyCopper does the job well and costs much less than gold

19.

Choose the word that completes each blank.

Mendeleev predicted an undiscovered element called ₁, later found to be gallium. Its discovery supported his idea that elements in a ₂ have similar properties.

Blank 1: eka-silicon · eka-boron · eka-aluminium

Blank 2: group · period · triad

20.

The table shows electron arrangements of four neutral atoms. Which element is the most reactive metal?

Element	Electron arrangement
W	2,1
X	2,8,7
Y	2,8,8
Z	2,8,1

Element ZElement WElement XElement Y

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Year 10 Science – Periodic Table and Atomic Structure 1